Intro relationship of public administration

GM Friend,

Relations In Public Administration  -  Best relations in Public administration has been described as the management of public affairs.

Important Relations In Public Administration -

Public administrators work in a variety of fields, including civil service, budgeting, law, public works, and political science.

Public administration draws on the principles and techniques of both the private and public sectors to shape, mold, and direct the activities of people within a given society.

Introduction: 

The Government and its employees have a unique relationship that is not found in other cases of employer-employee relations.

The special relationship between the Government and its employees is something that needs to be taken into account when analyzing the employer-employee relationship. 

In the private sector, employer- employee relations take the form of manage- ment-labour relations (industrial relations) and proprietor-manager relations. 

In public administration we find a well-established hierarchy of officials, from the highest to the lowest. 

Civil servants can be divided into a number of different categories, but there are vast differences in their positions and status.

Civil servants come from all walks of life, but they all have one thing in common- they work for the Government.

Generally top- level civil servants are identified with the Government itself and in negotiations with the other government employees they are on the side of the Government, i.e. the Cabinet of Ministers. 

It is not true that the top-level civil servants do not have their own associations.

Thus when we discuss employer-employee relations in public administration, we have in mind mainly the relations between the Government and top bureaucrats on ore side (the official side) and the general body of the Government servants on the other side (the staff side).

Public Relation In Public Administration

Right of Association: Government servants, excepting those in special categories, have the fundamental right to form associations. In other words, the right of association.

The right to freedom of expression guaranteed by Article 19(1) of the Constitution includes the right of journalists to report on matters of public interest.

The special categories which are prohibited from exercising their right of association are: Armed forces of the Union and the State Police.

Recently even civilian employees in sensitive sectors like telecommunication, intelligence have been brought within the ambit of restrictions on fundamental right. 

The right of association of Government servants in India is subject to different service rules depending on the service they are associated with. 

In other words, while any citizen. of India retains his right to form association, he cannot claim the right to hold the Government post in the manner he likes. 

The main restriction placed on associations of Government servants is that no outsider should be connected with the affairs of the Associa- tions. 

The associations are prohibited from taking up the cause of individual government servants. 

The leadership of such associations should not lie with outside persons. Affiliation with political parties also is prohibited except in the case of public sector undertakings. 

Another drastic restriction placed by the Central Government is that a government servant should not be a member of any un- recognised association.

Human Relation In Public Administration

Right to Strike: In India there is no general law prohibiting strike by civil servants. However, Maintenance of Essential Services Act prohibits strike by special categories of Government employees connected with essential services such as railways, road transport, water supply, electricity, milk supply, conservancy etc. 

When law prohibits strike by a government employee, he will commit an offence if he participates in any strike. 

But in the case of most of the government employees, there is no law prohibiting strike and prescribing punish- ments for taking part in strike. 

If an employee goes on strike, it's not technically considered an offence, but the company may take disciplinary action against them.

The Conduct Rules of diferent services generally provide that particip of strike will amount to a breach of descipline the debate whether the goverment servant should have the right to strike has been going on for a long time.

Argument are advanced by support the view that women was are just the employees in the private sector and hence should have the full sight to go on strike on reasonable acteding workers participation in mana meet, grant of bonus and the rght to strike should be applicable to government servants also.

The other school of thought believes that there should be no right to strike in the case of government employees because the employer in this case is the government itself.

In their view, a strike by government servants will be essentially a strike against the people.

As at present, a via media obtains in practice.

The Governments do not view with favour any strike by employees and generally refuse to negotiate while strike is on.

Sometimes the government comes under considerable pressure from politicians and political parties to settle the matter through compromise with the striking employees.

(In general,) it is not desirable for the government to give the impression that it pays attention to employee complaints only when they take action in protest.

Relationship Between Public Administration & Governance

Machinery for Negotiations: Over the years public administration has learnt many things through experience.

It has been found in practice that much of the confrontation between the government and the employees can be averted if channels of communication with the government are available to govern- ment employees.

Whitleyism is a method of periodical discussion at various levels between Government representatives and employee representatives.

Such negotiations have become a standard practice in UK.

Different machineries have been created fo different purposes in the negotiations between the Government and employees.

Pay Commission: In India Pay Commis sions deal with all matters relating to

• pay,
• allowances and
• other service conditions.

The first Pay Commission was established to make recommendations about how to improve the wages and benefits of government employees.

A Pay Commission considers representations from the employees and works out certain princi. ples on which the pay scales and incidental matters will be revised.

The State Govern ments have set up their own pay Commis sions. Staff Councils:

As a result of the recommendations of the first Pay Commission, the Central Government set up Staff Councils to negotiate and settle questions pertaining to compensation and benefits for employees.

Later the Staff Committees were converted into Staff Councils and welfare officers were attached to each Ministry of the Government, Nowadays each Central Government Ministry has two Staff Councils-one for senior staff, i.c. class II and class III employees, and the other for class IV employees. This arrangement excludes Class 1 officers.

The Council meets periodically and discusses suggestions for improving the standard of work and to discusss the common grievances of employees.

However, the working of these councils has been found quite unsatisfactory.

In particular the Councils have not become the forums for redressing the genuine grievance of employees.

Joint Consultative Machinery

The establishment of Joint Consultative Machinery was a pivotal moment in the history of compulsory arbitration for government employees..

Its objectives are to pro- mote harmonious relations Government and its employees, to secure between the Government & its employees to secure cooperation between the Government and the general body of employees and to increase efficiency of public services.

The Joint Consultative Machinery has three tiers-

• National Council,
• Departmental Council
• and Office/Regional Council.

The tiers are not related to one another in any way.. The J.C.M. covers all civil scrvants except members of Grade A services and other special categories.

The matters discussed by the J.C.M.

It is not within the mandate of JCMD to provide services that would specifically involve dealing with individual cases..

The scheme provides for compulsory arbitration in the event of disagreement between the official side and the staff side in matters relating to pay and allowances, weekly hours of work and leave.

In general, working of J.C.M. has been found not very satisfactory. More- over, the need for an impartial forum to redress the grievances of individual employees is keenly felt by victimised employees.

Conclusion -

Public administration ​includes the formulation of policy, delivery of services, evaluation, measurement, and control of institutional operations